sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Oxide Staining
Arenite with Limonite/Hematite alteration
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river, desert, or marine environments. The reddish-brown coloration is due to the oxidation of iron minerals (weathering).
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass, and for decorative landscape stones. Iron-rich versions were historically used as low-grade pigments (ochre).
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The distinct layering or staining can record ancient climate changes and environmental transitions.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and canyonlands. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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