sedimentary

Sandstone (Arkose/Quartzose)

Arenite (SiO2 based clastic rock)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, grey; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8. Texture is gritty like sandpaper.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, reddish-tan, grey
Luster: Dull, earthy

Identified July 1, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in marine or terrestrial environments such as rivers, deserts, or beaches over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building stone and paving material; also used in glass manufacturing (if high silica) and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds. It makes up some of the world's most famous landmarks, including the Grand Canyon and the Treasury at Petra.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its sandy, abrasive texture when rubbed. Commonly found in sedimentary basins and exposed cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding (Liesegang rings) or fossil inclusions.

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Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

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Cone-in-cone structure (Limestone)

Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)

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Chert Breccia

Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)

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Sandstone Grain

Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)

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Shale or Slaty Mudstone

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

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Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

sedimentary