sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 with Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, specifically rich in iron oxide (hematite or limonite) which provides the red coloration. Commonly found in ancient riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass making, and as a decorative garden stone. Sometimes used for abrasive purposes.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red color is a result of the 'rusting' of iron minerals within the sedimentary layer during formation.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. It can be found globally in outcrop formations and riverbeds. For collectors, look for cross-bedding or fossil features.
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