sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains, specifically quartz and feldspar, cemented by iron oxides in terrestrial or shallow marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building material, grit for abrasives, or in glass manufacturing if pure; this specific type is often used for decorative paving.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is critical for containing groundwater aquifers and petroleum reservoirs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible individual grains. It is extremely common in desert and plateau regions like the American Southwest.
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Cone-in-cone structure (Limestone)
Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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