sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, orange (due to iron oxides), Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal Structure: granular (sand-sized grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, orange (due to iron oxides), Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal Structure: granular (sand-sized grains), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. Often deposited in river, lake, or desert environments followed by lithification through compaction and cementation with silica or calcium carbonate.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing if pure silica is present, and in road base or as a garden decorative stone. Also acts as a reservoir for oil and water.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10 to 25 percent of the sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust. Most sandstones are composed of quartz or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's surface crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Common in arid regions and riverbeds. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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