sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular (sand-like grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular (sand-like grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm in size). This specific specimen shows rounding likely from water transport and a dark patina from iron mineralization or weathering.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, decorative stone, or for industrial glass production if high in silica. Small rounded cobbles are often used in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone records historical flow patterns of water or wind through cross-bedding features. It serves as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is ubiquitous in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas. This piece shows a fresh fracture face revealing the internal grain structure versus the weathered exterior.
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