sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide cement (SiO2 + Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-orange, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-orange, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Often formed in river beds, deserts, or marine environments where sand is deposited and cemented by iron oxides over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building and construction, as a decorative stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'iron-rich' brown color in this specific specimen is caused by the presence of hematite or limonite acting as a cementing agent.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible sand grains. Common in arid regions and river basins. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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Sandstone
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