sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron-Oxide cement
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Red, brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains)
- Color
- Red, brown, tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Red, brown, tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized silicate grains, specifically quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, river beds, or beaches. The red hue indicates high iron oxide (hematite/limonite) content during the cementation process.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in glass manufacturing if the quartz purity is high. Also used in architectural landscaping and grit for abrasive tasks.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are composed of similar ferruginous sandstones.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding planes. It is found globally, particularly in arid regions or ancient basin deposits. Collectors look for unique banding or fossils.
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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