sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide matrix
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular or gritty like sandpaper; Structure: Clastic.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular or gritty like sandpaper; Structure: Clastic.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) acting as a cementing agent during diagenesis.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass. It is also a significant reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona and the Grand Canyon are iconic examples of ferruginous sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (rubbing it often releases sand grains) and visible layering or bedding planes. Found globally in basins, riverbeds, and deserts. Look for iron staining on fresh breaks.
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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