sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide cement
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, yellow-brown, and reddish due to iron oxides; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: granular, clastic texture; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, yellow-brown, and reddish due to iron oxides
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, yellow-brown, and reddish due to iron oxides; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: granular, clastic texture; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Usually deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. This specimen shows significant iron oxide staining (limonite/hematite).
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as a dimension stone, road base material, and as an abrasive in some industrial processes.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. The distinct coloring in this piece suggests it has been exposed to oxygen and water, causing the iron minerals to 'rust' or oxidize.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and the presence of visible grains. Common in canyon regions and sedimentary basins worldwide.
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