sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock, mainly SiO2 with iron oxide cement)
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs), tan to reddish-brown color, earthy luster, granular clastic texture, no cleavage, specific gravity 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7 (Mohs), tan to reddish-brown color, earthy luster, granular clastic texture, no cleavage, specific gravity 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral or rock grains (mostly quartz) in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or beaches. Geological age varies from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, road base, grit for grinding, and in the manufacturing of glass and filters.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The most beautiful examples are found in the American Southwest, such as the Antelope Canyon.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty, abrasive feel similar to sandpaper and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and near continental margins. Collectors value specimens with unique bedding layers or iron-staining patterns.
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