sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, typically quartz and feldspar, in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, glass manufacturing, and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. The famous monuments of Petra are carved entirely out of sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Commonly found in arid regions, canyon walls, and coastal cliffs. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns.
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