sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Graywacke or Siltstone variety)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (SiO2 with assorted mineral fragments)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, tan, or brownish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None (conchoidal or irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Gray, tan, or brownish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
Identified More sedimentary →
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Gray, tan, or brownish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None (conchoidal or irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts) usually in marine, river, or desert environments. Often dates from any geological era depending on local strata.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building material, aggregate for concrete, and as decorative stone in landscaping. Some fine-grained varieties are used for sharpening tools (whetstones).
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its porosity and permeability.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and often visible layering (bedding). It will not fizz with weak acid unless it has a calcitic cement. Found globally in canyon walls and riverbeds.
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Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
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Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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