sedimentary
Sandstone (lithic wake or graywacke)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily quartz and lithic fragments)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grey, brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-to-medium grained; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Grey, brownish-grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grey, brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-to-medium grained; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains and rock fragments. This specific type likely formed in a marine environment or river delta where sediments were deposited and compressed over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as construction material, road base, landscaping rock, and occasionally for structural building stones or grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper when rubbed) and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Look for layering (stratification) in larger outcrops.
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