sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or reddish-brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Structure: granular (sand-sized grains), Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or reddish-brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Structure: granular (sand-sized grains), Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through fluvial, marine, or eolian processes. This specific specimen appears water-worn, likely from a river or beach environment.
Uses & applications
Construction material, glass manufacturing (if high silica), architectural stone, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest, like Antelope Canyon, are made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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