sedimentary
Sandstone with Hematite staining
Arenite with Fe2O3 inclusions
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to golden yellow with reddish-brown staining, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to golden yellow with reddish-brown staining, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains in ancient riverbeds, beaches, or desert environments. The reddish staining is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals (hematite) within the ground water or rock matrix.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, for glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a common specimen for educational geological collections.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red 'rust' staining often creates patterns known as Liesegang rings in larger outcrops.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors look for unique color branching (dendrites) or intense iron banding.
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