sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Staining
Arenite with Limonite/Hematite inclusions (SiO2 + Fe2O3/FeO(OH))
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (granules); Color: Tan, beige, and reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Clastic with visible oxidation rinds; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (granules)
- Color
- Tan, beige, and reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (granules); Color: Tan, beige, and reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Clastic with visible oxidation rinds; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments. The reddish hue indicates secondary oxidation of iron minerals within the pore spaces.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as building stone, road base, and in the production of glass (if high silica). Frequently used as decorative landscaping rock.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'rusty' color is caused by the weathering of iron-bearing minerals that act as a natural cement between the quartz grains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible layers or uniform grain size. Found globally in basins and mountainous regions where ancient sedimentary layers have been uplifted.
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