sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Structure: Bedded or massive.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, and reddish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Structure: Bedded or massive.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in river beds, deserts, or coastal environments. This specimen shows water-worn smoothing, likely from a river environment.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building stone, in road base, and as a raw material for glass manufacturing. Smaller river-worn pieces are used in landscaping or as decorative garden stones.
Geological facts
Sandstone stores much of the world's groundwater and oil reserves due to its high porosity and permeability. The reddish bands often indicate fluctuating water tables where iron was oxidized.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and riverbeds. Common and easy for beginners to find.
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