sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 principal component)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or brownish-green, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or brownish-green, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in river beds, beaches, or deserts. This example appears water-worn into a smooth pebble shape.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building material, in glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as decorative stones in landscaping or aquariums.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often preserves fossils and ripple marks from ancient environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds or coastal areas where erosion has rounded the fragments.
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Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion
Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image
fossil
Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
sedimentary
Shale
Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)
sedimentary
Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)
Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)
sedimentary