sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, ochre, rusty red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None/Grainy; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, ochre, rusty red
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 1, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, ochre, rusty red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None/Grainy; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments by chemicals like silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years.

Uses & applications

A popular building material and decorative stone used in construction, landscaping, and as a component in glass manufacturing. It also serves as a crucial reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up approximately 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest are primarily ancient sandstone formations.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its gritty, abrasive texture (like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding. It is found globally in deserts, river basins, and ocean coasts.