sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Siliclastic sedimentary rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High; Cleavage: None.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Brown, tan, or grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular/Sand-like; Porosity: High; Cleavage: None.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years (typically Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras) in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches.
Uses & applications
Widely used as building stone, paving material, and in glass manufacturing if pure quartz; also used for sharpening tools and as a decorative stone in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its high porosity makes it a critical reservoir rock for groundwater, oil, and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty, sand-like texture and visible grains. Common in arid regions and coastal cliffs. Collectors should check for bedding planes or cross-stratification features.
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Sandstone Grain
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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