sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (of constituent grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff with reddish banding; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.4

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (of constituent grains)
Color: Tan, brown, or buff with reddish banding
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified June 30, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in river beds, beaches, or desert environments. The banding suggests seasonal variations in sediment deposition.

Uses & applications

Mainly used as a construction material (dimension stone), flagstone for paving, or as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous structures like the treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Commonly found in sedimentary basins worldwide, especially in areas with ancient desert or marine history.