sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Commonly 6-7 on Mohs scale; reddish-brown, tan, or grey color; gritty, sandpaper-like texture; matte or earthy luster; clastic sedimentary structure.
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Physical properties
Commonly 6-7 on Mohs scale; reddish-brown, tan, or grey color; gritty, sandpaper-like texture; matte or earthy luster; clastic sedimentary structure.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Often deposited in deserts, river beds, or beaches over millions of years (Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for building stone, pavers, and decorative facades. High-purity sandstones are used in glass manufacturing and metal casting.
Geological facts
Sandstone can hold significant amounts of water or oil in its pore spaces, acting as an important aquifer or petroleum reservoir. The red color is usually due to iron oxide (hematite).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct gritty feel and visible sand grains. Common in the American Southwest and various mountain ranges. Look for bedding planes or layers.
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Arenite (if sandstone)
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Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Chert Breccia
Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
sedimentary