sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Mohs hardness: 6-7; Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7
- Color
- Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness: 6-7; Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed via the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size (0.0625 to 2 mm) in terrestrial or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, for paving, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz content), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Notable formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel. It often exhibits visible layering (bedding). Look for it in desert outcrops, riverbeds, and coastal cliffs.
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Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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