sedimentary

Sandstone

Clastic sedimentary rock (Arenite)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, buff, and brown with dark mineral staining, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Identified July 9, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, buff, and brown with dark mineral staining, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (primarily quartz and feldspar) in environments such as beaches, deserts, or river beds. It is often millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a building material, masonry, road base, and for making glass (if high silica content).

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater and oil/gas deposits due to its porosity.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic 'sandpaper' texture. It is extremely common in desert regions, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Rubbing two pieces together will often dislodge individual sand grains.