sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily Quartz-based Sandstone)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, sandpaper-like feel; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains).
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, brown, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, sandpaper-like feel; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains).
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). Typically deposited in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material for building facades, paving stones, and grindstones. In the petroleum industry, it serves as a common reservoir rock for oil and gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the treasury at Petra are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding planes. Look for it in arid regions or exposed cliff sides. It is ubiquitous globally.
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
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