sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, or brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, beige, or brownish-grey
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified July 12, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, or brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years, often in desert, river, or ocean environments.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in construction as a building material, for paving stones, grindstones for sharpening tools, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous structures like the city of Petra and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is frequently found in outcrops, riverbeds, and coastal cliffs across most continents.