sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains of sand); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified May 11, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, reddish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains of sand); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments (lithification). It typically forms in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction, architectural carvings, landscaping, and as a source of high-purity silica for glass manufacturing.

Geological facts

Sandstone is often porous enough to act as a natural filter for groundwater and can serve as a reservoir for oil and natural gas. The Grand Canyon is famous for its massive sandstone layers like the Coconino and Navajo layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding layers. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions worldwide.