sedimentary

Sandstone

Quartz-rich sandstone (siliciclastic sedimentary rock)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically Mohs hardness 6–7, tan to reddish, with a dull to slightly gritty luster and visible sand-sized grains; composed mainly of interlocking or cemented quartz, commonly with feldspar and iron-oxide staining. Bedding may be present, though this small fragment appears massive.

Identified August 29, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when sand accumulates, becomes buried, compacted, and cemented by silica, calcite, or iron oxides; individual pieces may range from Precambrian to Recent in age depending on source. Common in rivers, deserts, beaches, deltas, and sedimentary basins.

Uses & applications

Used as building stone, paving, landscaping material, aggregate, and historically for grinding tools; attractive varieties are used decoratively. Ordinary fragments have little commercial value.

Geological facts

The visible granular texture distinguishes sandstone from crystalline rocks such as granite. Iron oxides produce many red, orange, and yellow sandstone colors.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by gritty sand grains, usually poor cleavage, and layering or cemented texture; it may scratch glass if quartz-rich. Common worldwide, especially in exposed sedimentary formations.