sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 primarily)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, beige, brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, beige, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed over millions of years by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in riverbeds, deserts, or ocean floors. Primarily composed of quartz and/or feldspar.
Uses & applications
Widely used for construction, paving stones, architectural facades, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas. Finely ground sandstone is used in glass making.
Geological facts
Sandstone is highly porous and acts as a natural aquifer, filtering and storing groundwater. It has been used for building since prehistoric times, including monuments like Petra and the Egyptian Sphinx.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. It is extremely common in desert environments and near ancient shorelines. Collectors look for unique banding or fossils within the layers.
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Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
sedimentary