metamorphic
Serpentine (possibly New Jade)
Serpentine group, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive green to yellow-green, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (often massive), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive green to yellow-green, Luster: Waxy to greasy, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (often massive), Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydro-thermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in the Earth's mantle and at tectonic plate boundaries. Most specimens range from hundreds of millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Used in ornamental carvings, jewelry (as 'New Jade'), architectural stone, and historically as a source of asbestos, though this waxy gem variety is safe.
Geological facts
It is the state rock of California. The name 'serpentine' comes from the Latin 'serpentinus', meaning 'resembling a serpent', due to its green color and scaly texture.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive greasy or waxy feel and green color. Commonly found in ophiolites and mountain ranges like the Himalayas, Alps, and Appalachians. Collectors should check hardness as it is much softer than true nephrite jade.
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