metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite, Lizardite, and Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellow-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic or Orthorhombic. Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9. Texture: Often feels slippery or soapy.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Olive green to yellow-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellow-green. Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky. Crystal Structure: Monoclinic or Orthorhombic. Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9. Texture: Often feels slippery or soapy.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, which is the hydrothermal metamorphism of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used for architectural stone (often called 'Verde Antique'), decorative carvings, jewelry (tumbled stones and cabochons), and historically as a source of asbestos.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. It is not a single mineral but a group of minerals that look similar. Its name comes from 'serpentinus' meaning 'resembling a serpent' due to its green mottled appearance.
Field identification & locations
Look for a distinct green color and a waxy luster. It is softer than quartz and can often be scratched with a copper penny or steel blade. Found in mountainous orogenic belts.
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