metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine-group (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellow-green with mottled light patches. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Olive green to yellow-green with mottled light patches
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Olive green to yellow-green with mottled light patches. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle (like peridotite) are hydrated by hydrothermal fluids at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as an ornamental stone, for sculptures, and as a source for magnesium. Historically used for architectural facades and sometimes as a jade substitute in jewelry.
Geological facts
The name 'Serpentine' comes from the green color and mottled appearance which resembles the skin of a serpent. It is the official state rock of California.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its slippery, waxy feel and characteristic green color. Often found in ophiolite complexes and along fault zones. Collectors look for translucent 'precions serpentine' varieties.
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