metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Lizardite/Chrysotile ((Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Mottle green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Mottle green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs; Color: Mottle green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle are hydrated by hydrothermal fluids at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, architectural facing, for carvings, and historically as a source of asbestos. Used in lapidary for cabochons and beads.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. It is often called 'false jade' due to its similar appearance. It can contain fibrous chrysotile, which is a form of asbestos.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snakeskin' appearance, greasy feel to the touch, and green mottled colors. Common in ophiolite complexes and subduction zones. Tip: Steel will easily scratch most varieties.
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