metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite/Chrysotile group (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs); Color: Olive green, yellow-green, or brownish; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle through a process called serpentinization, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, for carving, as a source of asbestos in specific varieties, and as a substitute for jade in jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the official state rock of California. It is famous for its smooth, slippery feel and occurs in many diverse textures, from fibrous to massive.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic green color, waxy feel, and common occurrence in ophiolite complexes. Often found in riverbeds or coastal cliffs in mountainous regions.
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