metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (group of minerals based on (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 3-6 (variable), color: primarily green with black or white mottling, luster: waxy to greasy, crystal structure: monoclinic, cleavage: poor to perfect in some varieties, specific gravity: 2.5-3.2
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (variable), color: primarily green with black or white mottling, luster: waxy to greasy, crystal structure: monoclinic, cleavage: poor to perfect in some varieties, specific gravity: 2.5-3.2
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle, a process known as serpentinization, typically occurring at oceanic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, source of magnesium, historically for fireproof materials, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for jewelry and carvings.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California; it is often mistaken for jade (specifically 'New Jade') and can contain traces of asbestos in certain fiber varieties like chrysotile.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, slippery/waxy feel, and green hue. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and fault zones in places like California, New Zealand, and the Alps.
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