metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentine subgroup (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green with mottling. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.3.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Color
- Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green with mottling
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green with mottling. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Crystal structure: Monoclinic. Cleavage: Poor. Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.3.
Formation & geological history
Forms through serpentinization, a metamorphic process where ultrabasic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle are hydrated at low temperatures near the seafloor or along tectonic boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, for carvings, in jewelry as 'New Jade', and historically as a source of asbestos and for industrial magnesium.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. It is often mistaken for jade due to its similar color and translucency, leading to the trade name 'Korea Jade' or 'New Jade'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' mottled green appearance and waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and metamorphic belts globally.
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