metamorphic
Serpentine
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3.0 to 6.0; Color: Olive green to yellow-green with mottled streaks; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good to poor; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 3
- Color
- Olive green to yellow-green with mottled streaks
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.0 to 6.0; Color: Olive green to yellow-green with mottled streaks; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good to poor; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the process of serpentinization, which is the hydration of ultramafic rock (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle at low temperatures and high pressures, typically at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone, for carvings and sculptures, and as a source for magnesium and historically as asbestos (in chrysotile variety).
Geological facts
It is the official state rock of California. The name comes from its green color and scaly appearance, which resembles the skin of a serpent.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic waxy luster and soapy feel. It is commonly found in mountain belts and along fault zones, particularly in California, the Alps, and New Zealand.
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