metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale; Color: typically green, dark green, or brownish-green with veining; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- typically green, dark green, or brownish-green with veining
- Luster
- waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale; Color: typically green, dark green, or brownish-green with veining; Luster: waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or subduction zones (Serpentinization).
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative architectural stone, in sculptures, as a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos, though California jade varieties are used in jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique soil conditions that support rare and endemic plant species because it is high in magnesium and low in essential nutrients.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'serpent-like' green mottled appearance, waxy feel, and common association with fault zones. It is commonly found in the Coast Ranges of California, the Appalachian Mountains, and the Alps.
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