metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Structure: Massive or fibrous; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-green; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Structure: Massive or fibrous; Specific gravity: 2.5–2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle are hydrated. Typically associated with oceanic crust subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone in architecture, as a source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality specimens are used for carvings and jewelry (often called 'New Zealand Greenstone' or 'Jade').
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique soil chemistry that supports rare and endemic plant species. The process of its formation can produce hydrogen, which may support deep-biosphere microbial life.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snakeskin' appearance, green color, and greasy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite belts like those in the Coast Ranges of California, the Alps, and the Himalayas.
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