metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite; chiefly serpentine-group minerals (antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile), commonly with magnetite and talc
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness typically 2.5–4 Mohs; mottled olive-green, yellow-brown, and cream; waxy to greasy luster; fine-grained, massive texture with weak cleavage and variable veining. The rounded surface appears naturally weathered or waterworn.
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Physical properties
Hardness typically 2.5–4 Mohs; mottled olive-green, yellow-brown, and cream; waxy to greasy luster; fine-grained, massive texture with weak cleavage and variable veining. The rounded surface appears naturally weathered or waterworn.
Formation & geological history
Forms when ultramafic mantle rocks such as peridotite are hydrated during low-temperature metamorphism, often along oceanic crust and subduction zones. Individual specimens may be millions to hundreds of millions of years old, depending on the host terrane.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carvings, countertops, and collectible material; historically used for ornamental objects. Chrysotile-bearing material should not be cut or abraded because asbestos fibers may be released.
Geological facts
Its green color and convoluted veining result from serpentinization and associated alteration. It may feel unusually smooth or waxy and can be softer than most common rocks.
Field identification & locations
Common in ophiolites and tectonic belts, including California, Italy, New Zealand, and the Appalachians. Field clues include low density, green mottling, waxy feel, and occasional magnetism; positive identification may require microscopy or X-ray analysis.
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