metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Distinctive olive green to blackish green with mottled patterns. Luster: Waxy to greasy. Structure: Often massive or fibrous. Cleavage: Poor. Specific gravity: 2.5-3.3.
- Hardness
- 3-6 Mohs
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 Mohs. Color: Distinctive olive green to blackish green with mottled patterns. Luster: Waxy to greasy. Structure: Often massive or fibrous. Cleavage: Poor. Specific gravity: 2.5-3.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, a process called serpentinization. This typically occurs at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, in jewelry (often as 'New Jade'), as a source for magnesium, and historically as a heat shield due to its thermal resistance.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often contains 'slickensides,' which are polished, grooved surfaces formed by friction along fault lines.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy 'serpent-like' green skin and soapy feel. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and along subduction zones. Look for its distinctive green, mottled appearance.
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