metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Green, mottled yellowish-green to black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal system: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.3
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Green, mottled yellowish-green to black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Green, mottled yellowish-green to black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal system: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.3
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, a source of magnesium, historically for asbestos, and as a popular carving stone for sculpture and jewelry (sometimes called 'New Jade').
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It is famous for creating unique soil environments that support rare, endemic plant species that can tolerate high heavy metal content.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'serpent-like' green mottled color and often waxy or slippery feel. It is commonly found in mountain belts and ophiolite complexes globally.
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