metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite ((Mg, Fe, Ni)3Si2O5(OH)4)
Hardness: 2.5-5; Color: Dark green to black with mottled patterns; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Dark green to black with mottled patterns
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-5; Color: Dark green to black with mottled patterns; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydrothermal alteration (serpentinization) of ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone (Verde Antique), source of magnesium, and historically as a source of asbestos. Frequently used for stone carvings and jewelry cabs.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique soil conditions that lead to specialized, rare plant evolution known as serpentine barrens.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'snakeskin' appearance, green color, and waxy feel. Commonly found in ophiolite complexes and mountain belts like the Coast Ranges of California or the Appalachians.
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