metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, brownish-green, or black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good in one direction; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.9
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Green, brownish-green, or black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, brownish-green, or black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Good in one direction; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth’s mantle under low temperatures and the presence of water, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone in architecture, as a source for magnesium, historically for asbestos, and as a decorative sculpture material known as 'false jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the state rock of California. It often hosts unique plant communities because it creates 'serpentine soils' that are high in heavy metals and low in essential nutrients.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'snake-skin' appearance, waxy feel, and green hue. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes and along major fault zones.
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