metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled green, dark green, or black. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Texture: Fine-grained to massive, often feeling soapy or slippery when wet.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Mottled green, dark green, or black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5 to 5 on Mohs scale. Color: Mottled green, dark green, or black. Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky. Texture: Fine-grained to massive, often feeling soapy or slippery when wet.
Formation & geological history
Forms through serpentinization, a low-temperature metamorphic process where ultramafic rocks from the Earth's mantle (like peridotite) are hydrated by seawater or hydrothermal fluids at tectonic plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used historically as a decorative building stone (Verde Antique), for carvings, and as a source of asbestos or magnesium. Commonly used today for lapidary work and garden landscaping.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It is often associated with unique ecosystems because the soil derived from it is high in heavy metals and low in essential nutrients, leading to specialized 'serpentine barrens'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'snake-skin' Appearance, green color, and waxy feel. It is commonly found in ophiolite complexes along convergent plate boundaries, such as the Coast Ranges of California or the Alps.
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