metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (composed largely of serpentine minerals like antigorite, lizardite, or chrysotile)
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green with orange/red iron staining; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Green to bluish-green with orange/red iron staining
- Luster
- Waxy, greasy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green with orange/red iron staining; Luster: Waxy, greasy, or silky; Crystal structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks (peridotite) from the Earth's mantle through a process called serpentinization, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone (jewelry and sculpture), in construction (terrazzo flooring), and historically as a source of asbestos. It is also the official state rock of California.
Geological facts
Serpentinite often hosts rare plants because its soils are low in essential nutrients like potassium but high in toxic heavy metals. It is a major component of the ocean floor and ophiolite complexes.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'snake-skin' green appearance, slippery or soapy feel when rubbed, and common occurrence in fracture zones. Often found in mountain ranges or coastal areas.
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