mineral

Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs); Color: Dark steel-grey to black with sparkling metallic glitter; Luster: Sub-metallic to metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Dark steel-grey to black with sparkling metallic glitter
Luster: Sub-metallic to metallic

Identified March 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily through hydrothermal processes or within metamorphic rocks where high concentrations of iron oxide crystallize. It is often found in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years (Precambrian era).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; also used as a heavy media for coal separation, a pigment (red ochre when ground), and frequently used in jewelry (beads and cabochons) or as mineral specimens for collectors.

Geological facts

Despite its metallic grey appearance, if you rub specularite against a porcelain streak plate, it will leave a rust-red streak. It is often called 'micaceous hematite' because the tiny glittery flakes resemble mica.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic 'glittery' appearance, high density (feels heavy for its size), and red streak test. Common locations include Michigan and Minnesota (USA), Brazil, and South Africa.