mineral
Specular Hematite (Specularite)
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel grey to black with sparkling inclusions; Luster: Submetallic to metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26.
- Hardness
- 5
- Color
- Steel grey to black with sparkling inclusions
- Luster
- Submetallic to metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel grey to black with sparkling inclusions; Luster: Submetallic to metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Specularite specifically forms in metamorphic environments where iron-rich rocks undergo heat and pressure, causing the growth of micaceous mica-like flakes.
Uses & applications
Major ore of iron for steel production; used as a decorative stone in jewelry (cabochons), pigment in cosmetics (due to its sparkle), and as weighting material in drilling muds.
Geological facts
The name Hematite is derived from a Greek word meaning 'blood', because when it is ground into powder, the stone turns a bright blood-red. The 'specular' variety is named for its mirror-like sparkling flakes.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct metallic sparkle and by performing a streak test; regardless of the stone's color, it will leave a reddish-brown streak. Common locations include Brazil, South Africa, and the Lake Superior region of the USA.
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