sedimentary
Sandstone (with Chert/Quartzite)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, and grey; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, and grey
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, and grey; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) that have been transported by water, wind, or ice. Often found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone and road base. Fine-grained variants are used for grindstones. Higher silica types are used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone records the history of Earth's surface environments; the layers can indicate ancient wind patterns or water currents. Some of the world's most famous canyons, like the Grand Canyon, are primarily carved through sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. It may leave a sandy residue when rubbed. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide.
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